Questões Concurso USP

Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks

    Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas— most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you can get debris flows.”

    Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.

    When rain falls on ground that has been affected by this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer— so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately, if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]

    Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire, is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters expect will prevent further spread.

Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado. 

Mal o CEO da Meta, Mark Zuckerberg, anunciou as mudanças nas políticas de moderação de suas plataformas, muitos educadores, comunicadores e jornalistas presentes nos diferentes grupos dos quais faço parte começaram a questionar a eficácia da Educação Midiática. O que podemos diante de um Musk e um Zuckerberg? De que adianta educar para a checagem de notícias se agora “abriram-se as porteiras” e nenhum de nós vai dar conta de distinguir o que é verdadeiro ou falso, de remover conteúdos agressivos, preconceituosos, de construir referenciais seguros para obtermos informações íntegras e confiáveis? É enxugar gelo, nadar contra a corrente, melhor a gente se preparar para viver no caos, diziam alguns, já ameaçando sair de vez das redes, boicotar a Meta, banir o digital de vez do seu cotidiano. Entendo a Educação Midiática como um importante e potente elemento para que possamos lidar com todos os desafios presentes no mundo digital – e de resto, no mundo real, que o reflete. Ela é uma alternativa viável e segura que todos nós, que desejamos continuar a viver civilizadamente em sociedade, podemos tomar em nossas mãos. Se as chamadas big techs nos abandonam à própria sorte, cabe a cada um de nós entender qual é o nosso papel nesse ecossistema.

Adaptado de: Januária Cristina Alves.”Novas diretrizes da Meta: será o fim da Educação Midiática?” Nexo Jornal. 16 de janeiro de 2025.