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Text 1 – How children learn languages


Questions 31 to 39


How long does it take to learn a language?



Many different factors affect the time it takes. These include your child’s age, first language, their reason for BLANK I English and their teachers. You can help your child learn quickly by BLANK II them lots of opportunities to use English. It helps to have real reasons for BLANK III a language, rather than just BLANK IV grammar.

Is it true that boys and girls learn languages differently?

Yes. At early ages, girls tend to develop language more quickly. Remember that it’s OK for children to develop at different speeds. It will be more similar by secondary school age. However, by this stage children might think that languages are ‘more of a girl thing’. Attitudes to learning can have a big impact on educational success so it’s important to find ways to encourage your child and help them enjoy their learning.

Do primary and secondary children learn languages differently?

Yes, there are differences.

Primary school children are learning their first and second languages at the same time. It’s really important to support both languages. Children with a strong foundation in their first language will find it easier to learn a second language. Encourage your child to play, sing and read in both their first and second languages. Remember to plan separate times to focus on each language. If you say something in English and then in another language, your child will automatically listen for their stronger language and ‘tune out’ the other language.

Teenagers are interested in exploring their personalities and identities. This creates lots of opportunities to use popular culture, films, TV, music and video games. Teenagers also enjoy challenging authority, which provides opportunities for debates and discussion.

Will learning another language affect how well my child does at school?

Multilingual children learn at a young age that they can express their ideas in more than one way. This helps their thought process and makes them better, more flexible, learners. Research has found that children who speak more than one language do better in school, and have better memories and problem-solving skills.

What kind of learner is my child?

Watch your child playing. What do they enjoy doing? Puzzles and problem-solving? Physical play and sports? Word games? Writing stories? Creative play? Try doing these types of activities in English and make a note of what your child responds to best. Alternatively, ask your child to create in English their own one-week ‘dream timetable of activities’. Let them choose how to present it. For example, they could act it out, prepare a written fact file, make a video, draw pictures, go on a treasure hunt or make a scrap book.


Source: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/parents-and-children/how-to-support-your-child/howchildren-learn-languages/. Accessed on 01/22/25
When the sentence ‘If you say something in English and then in another language, your child will automatically listen for their stronger language and ‘tune out’ the other language.’ is changed to the second conditional, it becomes: 

Text 1 – How children learn languages


Questions 31 to 39


How long does it take to learn a language?



Many different factors affect the time it takes. These include your child’s age, first language, their reason for BLANK I English and their teachers. You can help your child learn quickly by BLANK II them lots of opportunities to use English. It helps to have real reasons for BLANK III a language, rather than just BLANK IV grammar.

Is it true that boys and girls learn languages differently?

Yes. At early ages, girls tend to develop language more quickly. Remember that it’s OK for children to develop at different speeds. It will be more similar by secondary school age. However, by this stage children might think that languages are ‘more of a girl thing’. Attitudes to learning can have a big impact on educational success so it’s important to find ways to encourage your child and help them enjoy their learning.

Do primary and secondary children learn languages differently?

Yes, there are differences.

Primary school children are learning their first and second languages at the same time. It’s really important to support both languages. Children with a strong foundation in their first language will find it easier to learn a second language. Encourage your child to play, sing and read in both their first and second languages. Remember to plan separate times to focus on each language. If you say something in English and then in another language, your child will automatically listen for their stronger language and ‘tune out’ the other language.

Teenagers are interested in exploring their personalities and identities. This creates lots of opportunities to use popular culture, films, TV, music and video games. Teenagers also enjoy challenging authority, which provides opportunities for debates and discussion.

Will learning another language affect how well my child does at school?

Multilingual children learn at a young age that they can express their ideas in more than one way. This helps their thought process and makes them better, more flexible, learners. Research has found that children who speak more than one language do better in school, and have better memories and problem-solving skills.

What kind of learner is my child?

Watch your child playing. What do they enjoy doing? Puzzles and problem-solving? Physical play and sports? Word games? Writing stories? Creative play? Try doing these types of activities in English and make a note of what your child responds to best. Alternatively, ask your child to create in English their own one-week ‘dream timetable of activities’. Let them choose how to present it. For example, they could act it out, prepare a written fact file, make a video, draw pictures, go on a treasure hunt or make a scrap book.


Source: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/parents-and-children/how-to-support-your-child/howchildren-learn-languages/. Accessed on 01/22/25
The modal verb “might” (in “children might think”) gives the idea of:

Text 1 – How children learn languages


Questions 31 to 39


How long does it take to learn a language?



Many different factors affect the time it takes. These include your child’s age, first language, their reason for BLANK I English and their teachers. You can help your child learn quickly by BLANK II them lots of opportunities to use English. It helps to have real reasons for BLANK III a language, rather than just BLANK IV grammar.

Is it true that boys and girls learn languages differently?

Yes. At early ages, girls tend to develop language more quickly. Remember that it’s OK for children to develop at different speeds. It will be more similar by secondary school age. However, by this stage children might think that languages are ‘more of a girl thing’. Attitudes to learning can have a big impact on educational success so it’s important to find ways to encourage your child and help them enjoy their learning.

Do primary and secondary children learn languages differently?

Yes, there are differences.

Primary school children are learning their first and second languages at the same time. It’s really important to support both languages. Children with a strong foundation in their first language will find it easier to learn a second language. Encourage your child to play, sing and read in both their first and second languages. Remember to plan separate times to focus on each language. If you say something in English and then in another language, your child will automatically listen for their stronger language and ‘tune out’ the other language.

Teenagers are interested in exploring their personalities and identities. This creates lots of opportunities to use popular culture, films, TV, music and video games. Teenagers also enjoy challenging authority, which provides opportunities for debates and discussion.

Will learning another language affect how well my child does at school?

Multilingual children learn at a young age that they can express their ideas in more than one way. This helps their thought process and makes them better, more flexible, learners. Research has found that children who speak more than one language do better in school, and have better memories and problem-solving skills.

What kind of learner is my child?

Watch your child playing. What do they enjoy doing? Puzzles and problem-solving? Physical play and sports? Word games? Writing stories? Creative play? Try doing these types of activities in English and make a note of what your child responds to best. Alternatively, ask your child to create in English their own one-week ‘dream timetable of activities’. Let them choose how to present it. For example, they could act it out, prepare a written fact file, make a video, draw pictures, go on a treasure hunt or make a scrap book.


Source: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/parents-and-children/how-to-support-your-child/howchildren-learn-languages/. Accessed on 01/22/25
In the sentence, ‘Remember that it’s OK for children to develop at different speeds.’, the subordinate clause is:

Text 1 – How children learn languages


Questions 31 to 39


How long does it take to learn a language?



Many different factors affect the time it takes. These include your child’s age, first language, their reason for BLANK I English and their teachers. You can help your child learn quickly by BLANK II them lots of opportunities to use English. It helps to have real reasons for BLANK III a language, rather than just BLANK IV grammar.

Is it true that boys and girls learn languages differently?

Yes. At early ages, girls tend to develop language more quickly. Remember that it’s OK for children to develop at different speeds. It will be more similar by secondary school age. However, by this stage children might think that languages are ‘more of a girl thing’. Attitudes to learning can have a big impact on educational success so it’s important to find ways to encourage your child and help them enjoy their learning.

Do primary and secondary children learn languages differently?

Yes, there are differences.

Primary school children are learning their first and second languages at the same time. It’s really important to support both languages. Children with a strong foundation in their first language will find it easier to learn a second language. Encourage your child to play, sing and read in both their first and second languages. Remember to plan separate times to focus on each language. If you say something in English and then in another language, your child will automatically listen for their stronger language and ‘tune out’ the other language.

Teenagers are interested in exploring their personalities and identities. This creates lots of opportunities to use popular culture, films, TV, music and video games. Teenagers also enjoy challenging authority, which provides opportunities for debates and discussion.

Will learning another language affect how well my child does at school?

Multilingual children learn at a young age that they can express their ideas in more than one way. This helps their thought process and makes them better, more flexible, learners. Research has found that children who speak more than one language do better in school, and have better memories and problem-solving skills.

What kind of learner is my child?

Watch your child playing. What do they enjoy doing? Puzzles and problem-solving? Physical play and sports? Word games? Writing stories? Creative play? Try doing these types of activities in English and make a note of what your child responds to best. Alternatively, ask your child to create in English their own one-week ‘dream timetable of activities’. Let them choose how to present it. For example, they could act it out, prepare a written fact file, make a video, draw pictures, go on a treasure hunt or make a scrap book.


Source: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/parents-and-children/how-to-support-your-child/howchildren-learn-languages/. Accessed on 01/22/25
The correct verb forms to fill in Blanks I, II, III, and IV, respectively, are:

TEXTO V – APANHO TODOS OS DIAS DA GRAMÁTICA.
ELA NÃO É TÃO IMPORTANTE ASSIM

Conceição Freitas, Metrópoles, 03/09/2019


Verissimo, filho do Érico, tem uma crônica saborosa sobre a língua portuguesa. Que as feministas mais aguerridas não nos leiam, ele diz que a gramática precisa apanhar todos os dias pra saber quem é que manda. Eu apanho dela todos os dias.

Nunca consegui decorar regras gramaticais. Tudo que é muito explicadinho me confunde. Sorte minha é que a memória visual das boas leituras tem me ajudado desde sempre a não tropeçar nos erros mais grotescos. Sei que "paralisação" é com S, que "cônjuge" se escreve assim, que "cafta" é uma receita da culinária árabe e "Kafka" é o genial escritor austríaco.

O conhecimento da língua portuguesa não é um valor moral e nem mesmo distingue quem é inteligente de quem não é. O rigor na obediência às regras gramaticais é um divisor de classe – os cultos e os supostamente incultos; os inteligentes e os burros; os graduados e os sem graduação.

O Verissimo escreveu o que quero dizer de um jeito delicioso: “...a linguagem, qualquer linguagem, é um meio de comunicação e deve ser julgada exclusivamente como tal. Respeitadas algumas regras básicas da gramática, para evitar os vexames mais gritantes, as outras são dispensáveis. A sintaxe é uma questão de uso de princípios. Escrever bem é escrever claro, não necessariamente certo. Por exemplo: dizer ‘escrever claro’ não é certo, mas é claro, certo? O importante é comunicar (e quando possível surpreender, iluminar, divertir, comover...). Mas aí entramos na área do talento, que também não tem nada a ver com a gramática). A gramática é o esqueleto da língua. Só predomina nas línguas mortas, e aí de interesse restrito de necrólogos e professores de Latim, gente em geral pouco comunicativa. Aquela sombria gravidade que a gente nota nas fotografias em grupo dos membros da Academia Brasileira de Letras é de reprovação pelo português ainda estar vivo. Eles só estão esperando, fardados, que o português morra para poderem carregar o caixão e escrever sua autópsia definitiva. É o esqueleto que nos traz de pé, certo, mas ele não informa nada, como a gramática é a estrutura da língua, mas sozinha não diz nada, não tem futuro. As múmias conversam entre si em gramática pura.”

Impura, sigo apanhando da gramática mesmo tendo de lidar com ela todos os dias, há tanto tempo que nem é bom contar.

Não consigo decorar, por exemplo, quando devo usar “senão” ou “se não”. (“Senão” significa “do contrário”. Como no exemplo: “Me escute, senão vou embora.” “Se não” quer dizer “caso não”. Assim: “Se não vier logo, perderá a vez.” Mas como a língua portuguesa não facilita pra ninguém, se for trocar o “se não” por “caso não”, muda a conjugação do verbo: “Caso não venha logo, perderá a vez.”) Nem adianta escrever uma crônica sobre o “senão”. Da próxima vez, terei de “googlar” de novo. Desconfio que há uma razão freudiana nessa minha dificuldade com o “se” e o “não”. Talvez porque não me dê bem com dubiedades.

Se for pra contar vantagem, posso dizer que tiro de letra o uso do “porque”, “por que”, “porquê” e “por quê”. Também sei de cor, desde criancinha, todas as preposições simples: “A, ante, após, até, com, contra, de, desde, em, entre, para, per, perante, por, sem, sobre, sob, trás”. Talvez tenha sido a única lista que decorei no tempo da escola. Como ouvi há muito tempo de um psicanalista: “Não existe memória, existe desejória.” Por isso, só guardo o que é essencialmente importante.

Se não morri até agora, disso não morro mais. Será que acertei? (Se errei, senhor revisor, me diga, que incluo suas considerações. Grata.) Senão, posso perder os leitores que pacientemente venho tentando conquistar. (Acho que agora acertei!)
A voz enunciadora do texto V faz a seguinte afirmação: "Sorte minha é que a memória visual das boas leituras tem me ajudado desde sempre a não tropeçar nos erros mais grotescos." Sobre essa afirmação é correto afirmar:

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