Questões de Língua Inglesa da CESPE / CEBRASPE

#Questão 1081765 - Língua Inglesa, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2025, EMBRAPA, Analista - Área: Gestão da Informação - Subárea: Gestão da Informação e da Programação - Textos Técnico- científicos

Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate, making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels, and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety, while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.

Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold. Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.

Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils, complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.

Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs. U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest ranges expand.

While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change, therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production, nutrition, and ecosystems.

Internet::<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge item below.

If temperatures increase to the limit of a crop’s threshold, yields will decrease.

C) Certo

E) Errado

#Questão 1093391 - Língua Inglesa, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2025, InoversaSul, Professor de Inglês - Ensino Fundamental

O hábito de buscar referências na língua materna pode ser uma das principais armadilhas no aprendizado de um novo idioma. Embora a língua inglesa esteja presente em boa parte do mundo por meio da Internet, dos livros, dos filmes e das séries, para muitas pessoas a compreensão do idioma ainda é um bicho de sete cabeças. Por esse motivo, é comum ouvir queixas durante as aulas como “não consigo aprender inglês” ou “inglês não é para mim”.

A diferença da língua materna é o que mais causa dificuldade para os estudantes lusófonos, principalmente pelo fato de a principal origem do português ser o latim e a do inglês ser o anglo-saxão. Essa disparidade causa impactos no som, na escrita e na estrutura do idioma. Pela mistura do anglo-saxão com outros idiomas e culturas, o inglês difere-se do português não apenas na escrita, mas também na pronúncia. Se desprender do habitual idioma materno e precisar falar palavras de uma outra forma é uma dificuldade recorrente entre os estudantes.

Internet:<rubyacademy.com.br> (com adaptações).

Considerando os aspectos suscitados pelo texto precedente no que concerne à aquisição de língua inglesa por pessoas lusófonas, julgue o próximo item.

O português permite maior flexibilidade no que se refere à ordem das palavras em uma frase, o que pode levar os lusofalantes a cometerem erros de estruturação de frases no inglês, cuja ordem é mais rígida.

C) Certo

E) Errado

#Questão 1081904 - Língua Inglesa, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2025, EMBRAPA, Analista - Área: Ciência Sociais Aplicadas - Subárea: Ciências Sociais Aplicadas à Agropecuária

Grain poisoning of cattle and sheep

Grain poisoning, also known as grain overload or lactic acidosis, is usually the result of stock consuming large quantities of grain or pellets to which they are unaccustomed. Pasture-fed cows or feedlot cattle not yet adapted to grain may become acutely ill or die after eating only moderate amounts of grain, whereas stock accustomed to diets high in grain content may consume large amounts of grain with little or no effect. Some circumstances under which grain poisoning can occur include: accidental access to grain stores; stock access to stubble paddocks containing excess grain after harvest; stock access to standing crops; cattle and sheep on feedlot rations without proper introduction; and grain feeding during drought without proper introduction.

How is it caused? Grain and finely ground carbohydrate (such as found in pellets) is rapidly fermented by bacteria in the rumen, producing large quantities of lactic acid, which lowers the pH in the rumen. The build-up of acid has effects on the animal such as: there is a decrease in the numbers of useful bacteria in the rumen and an increase in the amount of acid-producing bacteria (causing further build-up of acid in the rumen), rumen contractions cease, lactic acid draws fluid into the rumen from the tissues and blood, resulting in dehydration, and, in severe cases, the blood may become more acid, resulting in heart failure, kidney failure and or even death.

Grains with a higher fibre content, such as oats and sorghum, are safer to feed than, for example, wheat and barley, since the fibre slows the rate of digestion. Cracking grain increases the rate of digestion of the starch and consequently may increase the risk of grain poisoning. Any factor that causes variation in the intake of grain, or variation in the availability of carbohydrate, may lead to grain poisoning problems. For example, an unpalatable additive or inclement weather may put cattle off their feed on one day, but then they gorge the next day. The effects of grain poisoning may be worsened if the animal is also suffering from cold stress. It is a wise precaution to increase the proportion of roughage fed during particularly cold weather. Other sources of carbohydrates, such as apples, grapes, bread, baker’s dough and incompletely fermented brewer’s grain, can also cause poisoning if eaten in excess.

Internet:<dpi.nsw.gov.au> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

Sudden changes in grain intake or carbohydrate availability will increase the risk of grain poisoning.

C) Certo

E) Errado

#Questão 1093392 - Língua Inglesa, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2025, InoversaSul, Professor de Inglês - Ensino Fundamental

O hábito de buscar referências na língua materna pode ser uma das principais armadilhas no aprendizado de um novo idioma. Embora a língua inglesa esteja presente em boa parte do mundo por meio da Internet, dos livros, dos filmes e das séries, para muitas pessoas a compreensão do idioma ainda é um bicho de sete cabeças. Por esse motivo, é comum ouvir queixas durante as aulas como “não consigo aprender inglês” ou “inglês não é para mim”.

A diferença da língua materna é o que mais causa dificuldade para os estudantes lusófonos, principalmente pelo fato de a principal origem do português ser o latim e a do inglês ser o anglo-saxão. Essa disparidade causa impactos no som, na escrita e na estrutura do idioma. Pela mistura do anglo-saxão com outros idiomas e culturas, o inglês difere-se do português não apenas na escrita, mas também na pronúncia. Se desprender do habitual idioma materno e precisar falar palavras de uma outra forma é uma dificuldade recorrente entre os estudantes.

Internet:<rubyacademy.com.br> (com adaptações).

Considerando os aspectos suscitados pelo texto precedente no que concerne à aquisição de língua inglesa por pessoas lusófonas, julgue o próximo item.

A complexidade da conjugação verbal da língua portuguesa ajuda os lusofalantes a compreenderem rapidamente os tempos verbais e suas concordâncias em inglês.

C) Certo

E) Errado

#Questão 1081905 - Língua Inglesa, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2025, EMBRAPA, Analista - Área: Ciência Sociais Aplicadas - Subárea: Ciências Sociais Aplicadas à Agropecuária

Grain poisoning of cattle and sheep

Grain poisoning, also known as grain overload or lactic acidosis, is usually the result of stock consuming large quantities of grain or pellets to which they are unaccustomed. Pasture-fed cows or feedlot cattle not yet adapted to grain may become acutely ill or die after eating only moderate amounts of grain, whereas stock accustomed to diets high in grain content may consume large amounts of grain with little or no effect. Some circumstances under which grain poisoning can occur include: accidental access to grain stores; stock access to stubble paddocks containing excess grain after harvest; stock access to standing crops; cattle and sheep on feedlot rations without proper introduction; and grain feeding during drought without proper introduction.

How is it caused? Grain and finely ground carbohydrate (such as found in pellets) is rapidly fermented by bacteria in the rumen, producing large quantities of lactic acid, which lowers the pH in the rumen. The build-up of acid has effects on the animal such as: there is a decrease in the numbers of useful bacteria in the rumen and an increase in the amount of acid-producing bacteria (causing further build-up of acid in the rumen), rumen contractions cease, lactic acid draws fluid into the rumen from the tissues and blood, resulting in dehydration, and, in severe cases, the blood may become more acid, resulting in heart failure, kidney failure and or even death.

Grains with a higher fibre content, such as oats and sorghum, are safer to feed than, for example, wheat and barley, since the fibre slows the rate of digestion. Cracking grain increases the rate of digestion of the starch and consequently may increase the risk of grain poisoning. Any factor that causes variation in the intake of grain, or variation in the availability of carbohydrate, may lead to grain poisoning problems. For example, an unpalatable additive or inclement weather may put cattle off their feed on one day, but then they gorge the next day. The effects of grain poisoning may be worsened if the animal is also suffering from cold stress. It is a wise precaution to increase the proportion of roughage fed during particularly cold weather. Other sources of carbohydrates, such as apples, grapes, bread, baker’s dough and incompletely fermented brewer’s grain, can also cause poisoning if eaten in excess.

Internet:<dpi.nsw.gov.au> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

According to the text, grain poisoning is caused by the intake of rotten grains or pellets that cattle are not used to.

C) Certo

E) Errado

Questões de Língua Inglesa da CESPE / CEBRASPE

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