Questões sobre Vocabulário | Vocabulary

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#Questão 1021653 - Inglês, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, MC, Técnico em Complexidade Gerencial - Cargo 1

      Synthetic media technologies are rapidly advancing, making it easier to generate nonveridical media that look and sound increasingly realistic. So-called “deepfakes” often present a person saying or doing something they have not said or done. The proliferation of deepfakes has already created negative consequences such as nonconsensual pornography, political disinformation, and financial fraud. Deepfakes can harm viewers by deceiving or intimidating, harm subjects by causing reputational damage, and harm society by undermining societal values such as trust in institutions.
      It will take the efforts of many different stakeholders including platforms, journalists, and policymakers to counteract the negative effects of deepfakes. Technical experts must marshal their expertise and direct their efforts to find solutions that allow the beneficial uses of synthetic media technologies and mitigate the negative effects. 
      There is no doubt that synthetic media can be used for beneficial purposes, such as in entertainment, historical reenactment, education, and training. The pressing challenge is to reap the positive uses of synthetic media while preventing or at least minimizing the harms. There are numerous opportunities to direct effort in buttressing against some of the worst outcomes. 


Deborah G. Johnson and Nicholas Diakopoulos. Internet: <cacm.acm.org> (adapted). 



Considering the information and the aspects of grammar in the text above, judge the item below.

The excerpt “So-called ‘deepfakes’ often present” (in the second sentence of the first paragraph) could be correctly replaced by Known as “deepfakes”, they often present, without changing the meaning of the text.

#Questão 1022981 - Inglês, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, TCE-RJ, Analista de Controle Externo

Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The study shows that citizens’ perception of disclosed financial information is essentially shaped by fiscal stress. 

#Questão 1022983 - Inglês, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, TCE-RJ, Analista de Controle Externo

    State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments’ financial decisions. Despite the efforts to improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens’ perceived level of a government’s fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments’ revenue-raising strategies. We find that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios. While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective in influencing citizens’ perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between citizens’ perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments’ decisions to raise revenues.

Internet: <www.sciencedirect.com>  (adapted).


Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The word “Despite” (in the third sentence) is synonymous with In spite of. 

#Questão 1022985 - Inglês, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, TCE-RJ, Analista de Controle Externo

    State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments’ financial decisions. Despite the efforts to improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens’ perceived level of a government’s fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments’ revenue-raising strategies. We find that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios. While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective in influencing citizens’ perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between citizens’ perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments’ decisions to raise revenues.

Internet: <www.sciencedirect.com>  (adapted).


Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The noun “revenues” (at the end of the text) could be correctly replaced by renewals without any change in the meaning of the sentence.

#Questão 1022987 - Inglês, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, TCE-RJ, Analista de Controle Externo

    Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.

    Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.

     While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received bipartisan support.

     The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.

   The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.

    The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.

     If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.

    Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.


Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted)



Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item. 


The word “liable” (at the end of the first sentence of the seventh paragraph) could be correctly replaced by liar without changing the meaning of the text.  

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