Questões de Língua Inglesa do ano 2000

Read the text below in order to answer questions 27 to 30:

THE CONFIDENCE QUESTION

What's absent from today's economic discourse is the concept of consumer and investor confidence in a nation's government and economy. This wasn't always the case. As the Cambridge don John Maynard Keynes put it: "The state of confidence, as they term it, is a matter to which practical men pay the closest and most anxious attention". Another Cambridge economist of his era, Frederick Lavington, identified confidence as a key component of the business cycle. His 1922 book The Trade Cycle described the "tendency for confidence to pass into errors of optimism or pessimism", which triggers booms and busts.

To see how misguided economic theories have laid waste to confidence lately, look at Argentina. Consumers, investors and businessmen are gloomy, fed up with the government's policies. Foreign direct investment has fallen 66% in the last year. The economy is flat, rising just 0.9% in this year's first quarter, compared with the first quarter of 1999. There are even dire warnings of debt default.

Argentina suffers from a lack of confidence. The only way to cure it is with a big bang, as Thatcher did in Britain. Cut taxes and government spending to start.

"Consumers, investors and businessmen are gloomy" means they are

Read the text below in order to answer questions 27 to 30:

THE CONFIDENCE QUESTION

What's absent from today's economic discourse is the concept of consumer and investor confidence in a nation's government and economy. This wasn't always the case. As the Cambridge don John Maynard Keynes put it: "The state of confidence, as they term it, is a matter to which practical men pay the closest and most anxious attention". Another Cambridge economist of his era, Frederick Lavington, identified confidence as a key component of the business cycle. His 1922 book The Trade Cycle described the "tendency for confidence to pass into errors of optimism or pessimism", which triggers booms and busts.

To see how misguided economic theories have laid waste to confidence lately, look at Argentina. Consumers, investors and businessmen are gloomy, fed up with the government's policies. Foreign direct investment has fallen 66% in the last year. The economy is flat, rising just 0.9% in this year's first quarter, compared with the first quarter of 1999. There are even dire warnings of debt default.

Argentina suffers from a lack of confidence. The only way to cure it is with a big bang, as Thatcher did in Britain. Cut taxes and government spending to start.

In the writer's opinion, what elements ought to be reduced?

Read the text below in order to answer questions 27 to 30:

THE CONFIDENCE QUESTION

What's absent from today's economic discourse is the concept of consumer and investor confidence in a nation's government and economy. This wasn't always the case. As the Cambridge don John Maynard Keynes put it: "The state of confidence, as they term it, is a matter to which practical men pay the closest and most anxious attention". Another Cambridge economist of his era, Frederick Lavington, identified confidence as a key component of the business cycle. His 1922 book The Trade Cycle described the "tendency for confidence to pass into errors of optimism or pessimism", which triggers booms and busts.

To see how misguided economic theories have laid waste to confidence lately, look at Argentina. Consumers, investors and businessmen are gloomy, fed up with the government's policies. Foreign direct investment has fallen 66% in the last year. The economy is flat, rising just 0.9% in this year's first quarter, compared with the first quarter of 1999. There are even dire warnings of debt default.

Argentina suffers from a lack of confidence. The only way to cure it is with a big bang, as Thatcher did in Britain. Cut taxes and government spending to start.

Which of the statements below reflects the content of the text?

Read the text below in order to answer questions 27 to 30:

THE CONFIDENCE QUESTION

What's absent from today's economic discourse is the concept of consumer and investor confidence in a nation's government and economy. This wasn't always the case. As the Cambridge don John Maynard Keynes put it: "The state of confidence, as they term it, is a matter to which practical men pay the closest and most anxious attention". Another Cambridge economist of his era, Frederick Lavington, identified confidence as a key component of the business cycle. His 1922 book The Trade Cycle described the "tendency for confidence to pass into errors of optimism or pessimism", which triggers booms and busts.

To see how misguided economic theories have laid waste to confidence lately, look at Argentina. Consumers, investors and businessmen are gloomy, fed up with the government's policies. Foreign direct investment has fallen 66% in the last year. The economy is flat, rising just 0.9% in this year's first quarter, compared with the first quarter of 1999. There are even dire warnings of debt default.

Argentina suffers from a lack of confidence. The only way to cure it is with a big bang, as Thatcher did in Britain. Cut taxes and government spending to start.

Confidence, according to the author,

Read the text below in order to answer questions 24 to 26:

ASIAN CRISIS, TAKE TWO?

As global interest rates tighten and current account surpluses begin to vanish, servicing the new mountains of public-sector debt and outstanding private debt will become critical concerns before the end of this year. East Asia's V-shaped recovery is in imminent danger of giving way to the dreaded double dip.

Few analysts now foresee the type of precipitous decline witnessed in 1997-1998. There is talk instead of the Latin-Americanization of the Southeast Asian economies – meaning, in essence, that they are in danger of becoming irrelevant backwaters. But that's the optimistic view.

In connection with the present Asian current account surpluses, the text suggests that they