There is no link between performance dissimilarities and...

A

While the high L2 group sounded less accented, more comprehensible and more fluent than the low L2 group, the NS group performed better than both L2 groups in these measures.

B

Undue or long pauses, repetitions and false starts are dysfluencies imperceptible by listeners.

C

Since the NS group members had their fluency affected by additional cognitive demands of high workload conditions, fluency measures may be a good indicator of cognitive overload.

D

Both the amount of retained information and the listeners’ perception of speech are affected by the workload.

E High cognitive workload worsens the speech production of low-proficiency L2 speakers.