Having started investigations, the emerging process of globalization is still not known.

Each of the advocates of CLT and TBLT can submit their ideas on contextualization.

Neither the postmethod-generation TESOLer nor the strong supporter of TBLT are aware of what determines the course of language teaching development.

The founding-father of critical pedagogy, together with critical discourse analysts, have been accused of being lenient in analyzing recent methodological trends.

I, II and IV.

I, III and IV.

II, III and V.

I, II, III and V.

II, III, IV and V.

We have awakened to the multiplicity of learner identities and the complexity of teacher beliefs.

We have been awakened to the necessity of making methods-based pedagogies more sensitive to local exigencies.

We have been awakened to shift our focus from productbased teaching practice to a process-based one, in which our curriculum is more flexible.

We have been awakened to the opportunity afforded by postmethod pedagogies to help practicing teachers develop their own theory of practice.

We have been awakened to the vitality of macrostructures—social, cultural, political, and historical—that shape and reshape the microstructures of our pedagogic enterprise.

from sweating to learning

from knowing to doing

from beginning to end

from head to heels

from here on

reinforce the need to define English as the lingua franca in the aviation sector.

discuss the importance of mastering English to find jobs in the aircraft industry.

argument for the relevance of English language fluency in most professions worldwide.

sustain that the language of aviation, is primarily English, in both operations and maintenance.

aircraft technicians and flight personnel are submitted to equal time pressure when they need to react to English language commands.

both airline crews and maintenance personnel are subject to English language misunderstandings that can cause critical mishaps.

aircraft maintenance personnel usually seem puzzled in discussions with native speakers about the need to use principles of Simplified English.

it is widely known that several major accidents have been caused by linguistic misunderstandings during aircraft maintenance procedures.

Computers have gained the factory floor and have been eliminating many specialized technicians.

Simplified English norms are adopted as a standard for most maintenance manuals and aircraft documentation.

Most maintenance documentation is accessed through computer databases and not usually available in print.

Manufacturers are now the leading source of courseware that will train maintenance crew to handle new equipment.

Globalization and the expansion of worldwide partnerships in the aviation industry have impacted the maintenance workforce.

the error rate in reading comprehension is a relevant issue among native English speakers and among non-native ones.

non-native English flight personnel are equally liable to work-related reading comprehension flaws as the native staff.

native English speakers’ reading comprehension error rate is found to be less than one-fifth that of non-native English speakers.

Simplified English used in documentation is mandatory for non-native English speakers to appropriately function in the work environment.

native speakers of English have had substantial difficulty speaking to non-native speakers in the aircraft maintenance work environment.

“similar snares come to mind...” (line 17) means that ‘other equivalent solutions are engendered’.

“... the alpha and omega of a working shift.” (lines 33- 34) can be understood as ‘the positive and negative feature of a working shift’.

“... the pen has replaced the wrench,” (line 35) can be interpreted as ‘understanding the documents have become more important than being able to use hardware tools’.

“eighteen years down the road,” (lines 43-44) means that ‘eighteen years after piloting airplanes’.

“... both in the hangar and at the ramp.” (lines 72-73) can be interpreted as ‘in the backstage and all hidden areas of professional training’.

‘The recent regulatory environment’ (line 56) and ‘the global economy and hard times’ (line 65)

‘forms of co-operation, alliance, load sharing and partnership’ (lines 66-67)

‘Sociological and personal reasons’ (line 71)

the professional need for a common language both in the hangar and at the ramp.’ (lines 71-73)