Consider the following statement: “the teaching of a foreign language […] tends to place ‘non-natives’ locally involved in the process of teaching/learning in a subordinate position when confronted with the authority attributed to the ‘natives’ in what is considered ‘their own language’” (our translation) (Jordão, 2013, p. 280).

Here, the writer is attributing this view to

Based on Siqueira (2011), analyse the statements below.

I. ELF has derived from “native” speakers and is a unique variety of English.

II. Most interactions in ELF today are between “non-native” speakers.

III. ELF has become a diverse, multiple and nomad language.

IV. It is possible to codify a general variety of ELF.

Choose the correct answer:

As regards Passage 2, analyse the assertions below:

I. A critical orientation may include a transformative view.

II. Critical and transformative perspectives in ESOL are indistinguishable.

III. Transformative perspectives are wider than critical orientations.

Choose the correct answer:

The following sentences present information provided in each of the passages from Text 2. Read them, add the corresponding number of each passage (1 to 4), and mark the option that presents the correct sequencing:

( ) Both perspectives attribute value to reflection.

( ) The classroom should be seen as part of a wider context.

( ) ELF teachers are stimulated to reflect on their own teaching.

( ) ELF studies have had great impact on English language teaching.