“Les Misérables” is a/an 
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The author used the expression “On the other hand” (l.16) to connect two different ideas.
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“non-Western societies” (l.17) and “Elsewhere in the world” (l.15) refer, in the text, to basically the same thing.
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No change in meaning will occur if “need not be seen” (l.20) is replaced with must not be seen.
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The author tries to convince the readers that the standards of beauty are the same throughout the world.
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In the fragment “Standards of beauty in and of themselves are by no means universal” (l.5 and 6), the expression “by no means” is the same as not at all.
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“that conventional view” (l.9) refers to the theory that modern humans came from just one single place in Africa.
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The fragment “in recent years” (l.8) is chronologically connected with “a few years ago” (l.2).
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The verb form “did” in the fragment “Homo sapiens did in fact interbreed with archaic humans” (l.10 and 11) was used to express an indirect question.
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The word “So” (l.17) provides a linking between two ideas and it means because of this.