“After students read a text, going back to highlight vocabulary, look at various literacy techniques the author used (as a model for writing) and notice how grammatical structures were used for various purposes can serve as important steps in developing language competence.” (CELSE-MURCIA, 2013).
When teaching L2 literacy, there are many benefits to teaching reading and writing together.
It is possible to establish that the statement above corresponds to

According to Celse-Murcia (2013), when using the term “mechanics of writing”, we usually refer to the very early stage of the letter recognition and basic rules of spelling. Just beyond this early stage, we continue to expand the spelling rules, focus on punctuation and capitalization, and cover the comprehension and production of sentences and short paragraphs. The time devoted to developing the mechanism of writing serves the acquisition of both reading and writing.
What is the goal of teaching the mechanism of reading and writing?

Celse-Murcia (2013) brings a brief example is a figurative episode where English is taught as a foreign language to beginner students. The teacher has introduced the grammatical topic of question formation explaining that Yes - No Questions are made in English by inverting the subject of a sentence with the operator in the sentence. In this initial lesson, she defines the operator as some form of the verb to be, here ARE. She has provided the class with examples, and she now gives them practice in forming Yes - No Questions. She makes a statement and tells the students to transform it into a question.

Teacher: We are studying English. Students: Are we studying English? Teacher: Yes, we are. We are using a book. Students: Are we using a book? Teacher: No, we a... Ver mais

The way to form possessives in English is to add ‘s to regular singular nouns and noncount nouns and irregular plural nouns not ending in s or to add an apostrophe after the s ending of regular plural nouns and after singular/noncount nouns ending in the sound /s/ to form ‘s.
Celse-Murcia (2013) affirms that, besides possession, the genitive form can indicate: 

Considering vocabulary learning in L2, there are many words to know and many details to be known about each word.
Celse-Murcia (2013) establishes that word knowledge includes the mastery of its:

The role of vocabulary in L2 Instruction has changed over time. There are 6 historical approaches to vocabulary learning, according to Celse-Murcia (2013), which are:

Saussure, considered the “father” of Applied linguistics, establishes, in the beginning of the XIX century, four pairs of linguistic concepts, which he calls dichotomies.
The option that names his four dichotomies is

The vowel system, the consonant system, and the syllabic and accentual patterns of the English language present differences and similarities in relation to those of the Portuguese language (ALVES et al., 2020). With this in mind, mark T for True statements and F for False ones.

( ) There are more vowels in the Portuguese language compared to the English language.
( ) Regarding the consonants of the English language, there is phonetic variability depending on the syllabic position occupied by such segments within the word.
( ) The stress is distinctive in both English and Portuguese. In both languages, it can be used to differentiate verbs from nouns, for example.
( ) In the English language, words can be stressed on any syllable, unlike Portugu... Ver mais

Regarding the teaching of foreign languages in the era of cyberculture, Leffa (2016) presents four challenges for teachers. Make the correct association between numbers and letters, relating the type of challenge and its meaning.

1. Generation of knowledge 2. Encouragement of collective intelligence 3. Development of planetary consciousness 4. Re-literacy


A. The challenge for the teacher is to find the balance between preserving our individuality and accepting the diversity of others.
B. The teacher must have a good level of proficiency in not only the mediation processes through which access to knowledge is given, but also the social practice implicit in this knowledge.
C. Society needs new knowledge to face the countles... Ver mais

According to Christine Goh (In: RENANDYA & WIDODO, 2016), speaking activities that foster real communication among learners can be divided into three broad categories: communication-gap tasks, discussion tasks, and monologic tasks. With this idea in mind, read the following statements:

I. Communication-gap tasks can take various forms, often involving missing information or details that one student must describe, narrate, or explain to their partner.
II. In discussion tasks, learners are expected to present their ideas individually to either one listener or an audience of listeners. Students may also speak extensively on a topic without interruptions.
III. Monologic tasks are interactive activities in which learners exchange ideas, opinions, or inf... Ver mais