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Compensatory Strategies

     A common set of communication devices involves compensation for missing knowledge. These are called “compensatory strategies”. We will elaborate here on three of them.
   Typical of beginning-level learners, for example, is the memorization of certain phrases or sentences without internalized knowledge of their components. These memorized chunks of language, known as prefabricated patterns, include “on the way to”, “Nice to meet you”, “I don’t speak English.” Prefabricated patterns are sometimes the source of some fun. In my first days of Kikongo learning in Africa, I tried to say, in Kikongo, “I don’t know Kikongo” to those who attempted to converse with me; I later discovered t... Ver mais

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Has technology facilitated teachers’ work? Or reduced teacher burnout?

      When we set out to study pandemic-related changes in schools, we thought we’d find that learning management systems that rely on technology to improve teaching would make educators’ jobs easier. We believed technology would mean positive stimulus to teachers. Instead, our data and analyses showed that teachers whose schools were using learning management systems had higher rates of burnout.
      During the phenomenon of the covid-19 pandemic, when schools across the country were under lockdown orders, schools adopted new technologies to facilitate remote learning during the crisis. These technologies included learning m... Ver mais

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à quest:

Has technology facilitated teachers’ work? Or reduced teacher burnout?

      When we set out to study pandemic-related changes in schools, we thought we’d find that learning management systems that rely on technology to improve teaching would make educators’ jobs easier. We believed technology would mean positive stimulus to teachers. Instead, our data and analyses showed that teachers whose schools were using learning management systems had higher rates of burnout.
      During the phenomenon of the covid-19 pandemic, when schools across the country were under lockdown orders, schools adopted new technologies to facilitate remote learning during the crisis. These technologies included learning m... Ver mais

According to the last paragraph, Portland’s fire chief believes that

In the fragment from the second paragraph “Poverty also pushes up fire risk”, the expression in bold means

De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, algumas cidades estadunidenses

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “A building’s fire risk also increases the further it is from its owner’s residence”, o termo em destaque (it) se refere a

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Even though the Oakland building had no fire sprinklers”, a expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a

No trecho do quarto parágrafo – democracy and the rule of law may be convergent and mutually reinforcing processes whenever the rule of law is defined in broad, ends-based terms – o termo em destaque tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

No trecho do quarto parágrafo – ends-based terms rather than in narrow, formal and exclusively procedural terms – a expressão em destaque introduz ideia de