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Transgenic microorganisms are not considered patentable in Brazil unless they present a feature that is not found in the species in its natural state.
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Although the patent systems in Brazil and in the United States have much in common, the American system is simpler to manage since it privileges the inventors in the process of application for a patent.
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The author points to a discontinuity in the history of financial bookkeeping from the end of the 15th century to the 18th century.
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The word “allay” (l.3) is used as a verb and it means reduce or ease.
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People have inherited from the Bible the notion that auditing is necessary because of the inherently dishonest nature of human beings.
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Without changing the meaning of the text, the fragment “explains the basic rationale for instituting controls rather straightforwardly” (l.16-17) could be correctly replaced with explains a common-sense approach to retain control instead of simply handing it over.
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If the expression “for all the” (l.6) were replaced by despite the, the text would still be correct and the meaning of the sentence would be maintained, something that would not occur if it were replaced by if there is.
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In line 8, “bean-counters” is a derogatory expression used to describe second-class accountants who deal specifically with agribusiness.
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The idea expressed in the second paragraph can be correctly explained by the following sentence: In 2002 a draft bill was voted by the American Congress proposing the setting of enhanced standard for all US state-owned-company boards, management and public accounting firms.
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According to the text, Congress’ underlying motivation to pass the Sarbanes-Oxley act was its indignation over the shameful behaviour of some corporations in early 21st century.