are the only well-known companies in America nowadays.

represent companies which have never delivered high returns to the investors.

are examples of companies which made significant alterations to their original business plans.

illustrate the kind of businesses that remained loyal to their original plans and fought for results.

have founders who have been on the cover of Fortune magazine and are the world’s richest men.

does not invest rich sums or waste years on precise planning to design an elaborate business model.

shares common characteristics with traditional businesses that have survived crises.

expects the business to grow rapidly and prosper faster than all other companies in the market.

rejects venture capital funding and does not expect immediate returns.

is based on inadequately designed business plans and on market hypothesis that are not previously tested.

persistent businessman who fought for success.

careless worker who didn’t take time to build a business model.

foolish entrepreneur who insisted on opening his own company.

expert in cryptography who failed as a businessman.

impatient investor who did not believe PayPal would prosper.

a religious conviction that the business project is definitely going to prosper.

confidence on the various concrete evidences that your business model will surely be successful.

verything you do not know about the returns of your investment and should not worry about.

knowledge about historical precedents that are applicable to your company’s current situation.

assumptions about the aspects of the business you propose that are carefully thought of but not tested.

“...stuck to...” (line 2) – abandoned.

“...grows out of... ” (line 31) – develops from.

“...pursue.” (line 43) - follow.

“...scupper...” (line 62) – ruin

“...devising...” (line 75) – elaborating.

higher product pricing will certainly lead to more market sales.

sales are determined solely by the characteristics of the gadget.

the most appropriate price should be defined by the competitors.

the cheaper the product is, the more profitable the company will be.

previous testing of price ranges will help find the one which will boost sales.

second language learners can be victims of their own native language.

the more you learn a foreign language the more interference you experience.

interference is part of a natural process while learning a foreign language.

native language influence is a handicap against learners of a second language.

Most foreign language learners make unusual mistakes.

Second language interference can be particularly found at the beginner’s level.

French and English are structurally different.

Icebergs give you tips on how to teach a foreign language.

culture must be taught as much as language.

culture and language teaching should be kept apart to a certain extent.

integrated cultural materials, as it were, are yet to be published.

language teachers ought to be literature teachers as well.

activities which take a longer time can be coupled with culture portions.

time devoted to culture teaching depends on the material available.

students have to be entirely familiar with the foreign culture at the end of the course.