Chapelle and Sauro (2017) argue that technologies play a...

A diminishes the reliance on teachers, facilitating independent study and acquisition of new vocabulary for learners.  B provides access to interactive materials such as videos, articles, and podcasts, which help to enhance language proficiency. C focuses on grammar and vocabulary, enabling learners to enhance their language comprehension with minimal teacher involvement. D reduces the necessity of face-to-face interaction, prompting students to learn via digital tools and resources.