copy editors had to work in secret so that authors never knew that their writing would be adapted to what the publishers wished.

publishers did not want the public at large to realize that some well-know writers needed to have their work revised.

due to the formality of the English used at the time, most authors resorted to ghost-writers to help them with their work.

the language used in books and magazines was always revised to make sure it represented the ideal of acceptable English.

only standard English was adopted by writers and broadcasters, who all belonged to the higher levels of society.

important.

difficult.

irrelevant.

desirable.

impossible.

new grammars and dictionaries now provide better pedagogical tools for teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL).

dictionaries and grammars which are based on corpus research tend to include the many mistakes that native speakers make.

new pedagogical models are much better organized nowadays due to the use of computerized language corpora.

many traditional dictionaries and grammars for learners of English have been revised with the help of computer corpora.

corpus research has shown that real language use does not always follow the rules traditionally prescribed in traditional course books.

whether it is British or American English, EFL teachers have to choose a standard.

there is no one better model of English to be followed in EFL.

with the increase of non-native EFL teachers, nativelike models are disappearing.

new democracies refuse to follow British or American models in EFL.

formal language usage has all but disappeared in EFL teaching.

the most important factor in the use of the Internet in English teaching is that it provides a real sense of audience for students’ writing.

there are many possible valid uses for the Internet in the classroom as long as they are connected with the appropriate teaching goals.

people cannot use the Internet adequately if their command of English is too poor.

both computer skills and Internet skills have to be taught by the EFL teacher before students can effectively use the Internet.

unless students have the necessary language proficiency, the use of the Internet in class can be detrimental to teaching goals.

justification.

possibility.

knowledge.

request.

wish.

too difficult for the students.

adequate but somewhat too complex.

attractive and meaningful.

lacking a regular plan or purpose.

important and, at the same time, poorly planned.

consequência lógica.

contraste com o elemento precedente.

exemplificação.

sequenciamento frasal.

generalização.

os aprendizes devem ser expostos a uma ampla gama de situações reais, a fim de utilizarem adequadamente as formas corretas da língua.

nem tudo que os aprendizes produzirão em sala de aula partirá de modelos previamente trabalhados, pois a criatividade é fundamental nessa etapa.

a sala de aula não reproduz sempre situações absolutamente naturais do cotidiano e as atividades de ensino devem levar em conta essa característica.

a pedagogia utilizada em sala de aula deve ter elementos que reproduzam o mais aproximadamente possível as situações do mundo real.

as formas linguísticas utilizadas pelos aprendizes devem estar perfeitamente corretas, a fim de não reforçar usos inadequados a uma situação.

tends to go back to the principles advocated by the structural view of language teaching, mainly to those of the audiolingual approach.

associates the teaching of language form to that of language use for communicative purposes.

emphasizes the teaching of oral language (phonology) instead of that of written language in its several diverse forms and uses.

puts communicative-type exercises above all other activities done in the class period to foster real pratice.

advocates the use of real tasks in order to expose students to correct forms of language to be used in class.