Gerund use does NOT follow the same pattern of “spreading” (L05) in 
National identities have been strengthened by 
According to the text, identity difies 
“Sample sentences” (L02) means: 
According to the text, it’s correct to state that: 
According to the text, debate over teaching method cannot 
“Trial use” (L05), in the context, means: 
“Hardly” (L23) means: 
“Enables” (L05) means 