The character was afraid to disappoint his father.

The sentence He drank his way across the narrow sea (l.1) indicates that the character was sober the whole trip.

The character could be on the top level of the ship.

It can be inferred that the bread was rotten.

It was the food, not the movement of the ship, that made the character feel sick.

It can be inferred that “wretched” (l.4) has a positive meaning.

Food would come back from the character’s is stomach, but not wine.

The character believes he cannot substitute food for wine.

The character’s cabin was short of light.

The word “rocking” (l.3) refers to the movement of the ship.

There has not been any immigration in the United States in the late 20th century.

Literature in the U.S today is not as dazzlingly diverse, exciting and evolving as in the past.

Literary traditions were adapted because the conditions of the national life had been changing.

The United States is the most diverse nation in the world.

Less than 5% of U.S population is foreign-born individuals.

The diversity of the American population has had a positive influence in American literature.

Underrepresented groups option express themselves fully.

Immigrants have had no part in the American literature.

International writers are not suitable to write about the United States culture.

American literature at the turn of the 21st century is still restricted to few American.

god and His work on mankind

growing old and not forgetting the things that make you happy

a man’s death wish

the effect of a rainbow on people’s beliefs

small things that affect father and son relationship forever

feedback should only be provided at the end of the task after students hand in their compositions to be marked.

in the writing class teachers should take into account the learners’ purposes for writing, which transcend that of producing texts for teacher evaluation.

the main focus when a writing task is assigned is on the final product.

teachers should assign students a writing topic and then collect the finished product for correction without intervening in the writing process itself.

focusing on language errors improves grammatical accuracy and writing fluency.

there has been a growing interest in the teaching of functional skills.

non-native speaker immigrants have been under pressure to adopt a different culture due to its political relevance.

culture and language are closely related.

foreign language educators are the ones who will solve the social and economic problems of our time.

the acquisition of linguistic systems shall promote international peace and understanding.

self-assessment is not recommended due to subjectivity.

assessment is an ongoing strategy through which students are involved in making decisions about the degree to which their performance matches their ability.

portfolio assessment has increasingly been accepted as an evaluation tool in teacher-oriented instructional systems.

assessment practices, in contemporary language teaching, should be characterized by standardized tests designed and graded by outside authorities.

language learning assessment should be based on behaviorist views of cognition and development.

the teacher should bring together the range of information collected from students’ responses, and determine how to act upon it in ways that will improve students’ understanding and further learning.

the quality of student writing must be assessed through the use of indirect tests of usage and mechanics.

language learning assessment is conceived as the process of assessing governing language forms.

assessment of language learning can be understood as evaluating the product of studying.

assessment for learning is any assessment designed primarily to serve the purposes of accountability or of ranking or of certifying competence.

rather than a social practice in which individuals participate, language is simply a body of knowledge to be learnt.

the goal of learning is to make learners challenge their own culture-based assumptions.

acquiring grammar and vocabulary should be the primary goal in language learning.

the communicative approach of teaching languages is limited.

learners should be seen not only as users but also as analysers of language.