the US will soon surpass China in energy consumption.

the conventional drilling of oil and gas is seen as a taboo now.

in twenty years, the whole world will need 65 million barrels a day.

energy consumption of India and China will double in ten years’ time.

deepwater oil and gas prospecting has not been halted in other regions of the globe.

prospection in ultra-deepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria.

deepwater operations in the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea.

the quest for oil in the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin.

the suspension of the US offshore-drilling moratorium.

Brazil’s drillings four miles below the Atlantic.

shortest route that links two fragile end points.

only means to take perishable goods by land.

most profitable network, in terms of cheap transport.

lowest cost to place goods safely and in adequate conditions.

use of standard transportation means normally used for medical products.

in regular deliveries, many problems are caused by the same factors.

the transportation of unperishable goods is the single issue to be considered.

finding efficacious transportation solutions depends exclusively on political decisions.

inefficient management has been multiplying the problems caused by distribution channels.

delivering products in emergency situations requires analyzing many factors besides cost and time.

believes that computational tools are very useful in predicting and reacting to misfortunate incidents.

provides the only efficient alternative to the computer model presented by Anna Nagurney.

claims that the use of computational tools in dealing with disaster scenarios has been ineffective.

found a faster and more reliable means of preventing epidemics and breaches of security.

developed mathematical tools to justify individual animal routines.

congestion

delivery delays

computer supplies

disrupted roads

loss of products

“…tough…” (subtitle) – complicated

“…clogged…” (line 7) – crowded

“…disrupted.” (line 32) – destroyed

“…breaches…” (line 40) – violations

“pressing…” (line 41) – trivial

may be applied.

has to be applied.

ought to be applied.

will definitely be applied.

might occasionally be applied.

“But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid,” (lines 4-6)

“Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit,” (lines 20-21)

“her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product…” (lines 21-23)

“‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’” (lines 24-25)

“ ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios...’” (lines 37-39)

probability of product decay or loss.

possible congestions in chaotic areas.

reduction of costs to increase profits.

unpredictability of status of certain routes.

most efficient route between geographical areas.