Read the text below in order to answer questions 27 to 30:
THE CONFIDENCE QUESTION
What's absent from today's economic discourse is the concept of consumer and investor confidence in a nation's government and economy. This wasn't always the case. As the Cambridge don John Maynard Keynes put it: "The state of confidence, as they term it, is a matter to which practical men pay the closest and most anxious attention". Another Cambridge economist of his era, Frederick Lavington, identified confidence as a key component of the business cycle. His 1922 book The Trade Cycle described the "tendency for confidence to pass into errors of optimism or pessimism", which triggers booms and busts.
To see how misguided economic ...
The term pivotal (line 28), as it is used in the text, means: 
In the sentence “We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the expression something we take for granted means 
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the expression for instance in the sentence “In London, for instance, more than 300 languages...” (paragraph 4). 
the sentence “... a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly.” (paragraph 3), the word offspring means 
The verb “get” (line 07), in the text, can be replaced by 
The phrasal verb highlighted in the fragment: ¨DI guess what I'¯m trying to say is, what the fortieth floor lacked in flash it made up for in influence" can be substituted by an expression which adds more formality to its tone. The alternative that best fits the passage is: