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The author mentions the study by Kross and colleagues to reinforce the findings of Valenzuela and colleagues.
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In the phrase “their emotional state” (l.23), the word “their” refers to “Ethan Kross and colleagues” (l.22).
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In the phrase “Rather than enhancing well-being” (l.32), the expression “Rather than” introduces a contrast between the two ideas that follow it.
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In “Tiredness also increases the possibility” (l.28 and 29), the word “Tiredness” can be correctly replaced with Fatigued.
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In the sentence “Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression” (l.35 and 36), the word “as” indicates that depression also declined.
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In the sentence “Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously” (l.40 and 41), the verb “must” can be correctly replaced with should without changing in the meaning of the text.
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The author’s intention is to explain the benefits of sleep for teenagers.
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In the sentence “Unsurprisingly, teachers reported students falling asleep in class” (l.17 and 18), the words “Unsurprisingly, teachers” can be correctly replaced with Teachers who had no surprises.
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In the sentence “Research has demonstrated its critical role in memory consolidation” (l.20 and 21), the pronoun “its” refers to “Research”.
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In the phrase “an action verb like” (l.8 and 9), the word “like” can be correctly replaced with such as without changing in the meaning of the text.