All of the itens fit into the same category EXCEPT: 
“Weights and Measures laws in the US represent approximately 50 percent…” APPROXIMATELY is closest in meaning to 
Choose the item which is a measure: 
In “Here’s $100 to make sure” MAKE SURE is closest in meaning to: 
According to the previous text, judge the following items.
The word ‘changing’ (l.13) conveys the idea that threats are constantly evolving.
Among the many tasks, mentioned in the third paragraph, a police officer may perform in the line of duty, is to “secure evidence”. The phrase means, in Portuguese, the same as 
No trecho do último parágrafo – Police officers must be available for shift work at any time of day and any day of the week, including holidays. –, a palavra em destaque transmite a ideia de 
Without changing the meaning of the text, the fragment “explains the basic rationale for instituting controls rather straightforwardly” (l.16-17) could be correctly replaced with explains a common-sense approach to retain control instead of simply handing it over. 
If the expression “for all the” (l.6) were replaced by despite the, the text would still be correct and the meaning of the sentence would be maintained, something that would not occur if it were replaced by if there is. 
In line 8, “bean-counters” is a derogatory expression used to describe second-class accountants who deal specifically with agribusiness. 