All of the itens fit into the same category EXCEPT: 
“Weights and Measures laws in the US represent approximately 50 percent…” APPROXIMATELY is closest in meaning to 
Choose the item which is a measure: 
In “Here’s $100 to make sure” MAKE SURE is closest in meaning to: 
According to the previous text, judge the following items.
The word ‘changing’ (l.13) conveys the idea that threats are constantly evolving.
Among the many tasks, mentioned in the third paragraph, a police officer may perform in the line of duty, is to “secure evidence”. The phrase means, in Portuguese, the same as 
No trecho do último parágrafo – Police officers must be available for shift work at any time of day and any day of the week, including holidays. –, a palavra em destaque transmite a ideia de 
Judge the following items according to the text above.
“non-Western societies” (l.17) and “Elsewhere in the world” (l.15) refer, in the text, to basically the same thing.
Judge the following items according to the text above.
No change in meaning will occur if “need not be seen” (l.20) is replaced with must not be seen.
Judge the following items according to the text above.
In the fragment “Standards of beauty in and of themselves are by no means universal” (l.5 and 6), the expression “by no means” is the same as not at all.