Based on the text, judge the following items.
In the excerpt “it takes place before an action is carried out” (l. 38 and 39), the pronoun “it” refers to “anticipatory tool” (l.38).
Based on the text, judge the following items.
The expressions “scrutinised” (l.7), “undertaking” (l.15) and “comply with” (l.21) can be respectively replaced by probed, setting about and conform to without this harming the text’s coherence and meaning.
One of the outcomes of the OWM action is: 
Choose the item that does NOT belong in the group. 
In “They had passed Philadelphia a long time ago” the verb tense is a: 